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Thermoelasticity and hysteresis of martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys. II. Ferroelastic hysteresis in the straining of single crystals of copper-based shape memory alloys in the martensitic state by V. Prieb "1st Memory Alloys GmbH", Berlin, Germany It was found a line of the global equilibrium of the martensite variants as a line of turning points from internal elasticity to internal flow in partial cycles. It does not have a slope and is practically coincident with the axis of strain at zero stress. The ferroelastic hysteresis depends strongly on the single-crystal orientation and is completely independent of temperature. It is shown experimentally for the first time that the ferroelastic and ferromagnetic hysteresis loops are similar to in the details of their interior. On this basis the hysteresis investigated in this paper is called ferroelastic. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics are defined, experimentally measured, and calculated, along with such parameters of the ferroelastic hysteresis as the dissipative energy and its parabolic dependence on the ferroelastic strain, the coefficient of ferroelasticity, and the mechanical coercive force. More about this in my monograph, published in November 2020: "The concept of dual-energetic martensite (CODEM) for shape memory phenomena", PDF-file |